CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 Coordinate Geometry

Class Notes of Ch 7 : Coordinate Geometry 

Class 10th Maths

Coordinate Geometry

      Topics: 

• Coordinate Geometry
• Distance Formula
• Section Formula
• Area of a Triangle

Coordinate Geometry

To locate the position of a point on a plane, we require a pair of coordinate axes. The distance of a point from the y-axis is called its x-coordinate, or abscissa. The distance of a point from the x-axis is called its y-coordinate, or ordinate. The coordinates of a point on the x-axis are of the form (x, 0), and of a point on the y-axis are of the form (0, y).

Coordinate geometry is used in creating maps. It is also used in creating digital images. It has huge application in the field of architecture, physics, engineering, navigation, seismology and art.

Distance Formula

The distance of a point P(x, y) from the origin is √x2 + y2 .

Numerical: Find the distance between the following pairs of points (2, 3), (4, 1)

Solution: here x1 =2, y1 = 3 , x2 = 4 & y2 =1

Section Formula

So, the coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 are { (m1x2 + m2x1)/(m1 + m2 ) ,  (m1y2 + m2y1)/(m1 + m2 ) } .This is known as the section formula.

Refer ExamFear video lessons for Proof

The mid-point of the line segment joining the points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) is [(x1+x2)/2 ,(y1+y2)/2]

Numerical: Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the points (4, – 3) and (8, 5) in the ratio 3 : 1 internally

Solution: Using section formula P(x, y) = { (m1x2 + m2x1)/(m1 + m2 ) ,  (m1y2 + m2y1)/(m1 + m2 ) }

We get P(x, y) = { (3*8 + 1*4 )/(3+1)   ,   (3* 5  + 1 *-3)/(3+1)   }   = (7,3)

Area of a Triangle

Area of Δ ABC, with A(x1,y1) , B(x2, y2)  & C(x3,y3) is the given by      ½ [ x1(y2-y3)  + x2 (y3-y1 ) + x3 (y1-y2)]

Numerical: Find the area of a triangle whose vertices are (1, –1), (– 4, 6) and (–3, –5).

Solution:

Area of Δ ABC, with A(x1,y1) , B(x2, y2)  & C(x3,y3) is the given by      ½ [ x1(y2-y3)  + x2 (y3-y1 ) + x3 (y1-y2)]

Using this, Area of Triangle is  ½ [1*(6+5) + (-4)* (-5 + 1) + (-3)* (-1-6) ]

Or Area = ½ [11+ 16 + 21]    = 24 square units.


Also Read :

MATHS Revision Notes

Chapter:01  Real Numbers System
Chapter:02  Polynomials
Chapter:03  Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
Chapter:04  Quadratic Equation
Chapter:05  Arithemetic Progressions
Chapter:06  Triangles
Chapter:07  Coordinate Geometry
Chapter:08  Introduction to Trignometry
Chapter:09  Some Application Of Trignometry
Chapter:10  Circles
Chapter:11  Constructions
Chapter:12  Area Related to Cirles
Chapter:13  Surface Area Volume
Chapter:14  Stastistics
Chapter:15  Probability


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